Deuteronomy 32:6

32:6 Is this how you repay ¹  the Lord,

you foolish, unwise people?

Is he not your father, your creator?

He has made you and established you.

Acts 20:28

20:28 Watch out for ²  yourselves and for all the flock of which ³  the Holy Spirit has made you overseers, ⁴  to shepherd the church of God ⁵  that he obtained ⁶  with the blood of his own Son. ⁷ 

Acts 20:1

Paul Travels Through Macedonia and Greece

20:1 After the disturbance had ended, Paul sent for the disciples, and after encouraging ⁸  them and saying farewell, ⁹  he left to go to Macedonia. ¹⁰ 

Colossians 1:20

1:20 and through him to reconcile all things to himself by making peace through the blood of his cross – through him, ¹¹  whether things on earth or things in heaven.

Colossians 1:23

1:23 if indeed you remain in the faith, established and firm, ¹²  without shifting ¹³  from the hope of the gospel that you heard. This gospel has also been preached in all creation under heaven, and I, Paul, have become its servant.

Galatians 3:13

3:13 Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming ¹⁴  a curse for us (because it is written, “Cursed is everyone who hangs on a tree”) ¹⁵ 

Ephesians 1:7

1:7 In him ¹⁶  we have redemption through his blood, ¹⁷  the forgiveness of our trespasses, according to the riches of his grace

Hebrews 10:29

10:29 How much greater punishment do you think that person deserves who has contempt for ¹⁸  the Son of God, and profanes ¹⁹  the blood of the covenant that made him holy, ²⁰  and insults the Spirit of grace?

Hebrews 10:1

Concluding Exposition: Old and New Sacrifices Contrasted

10:1 For the law possesses a shadow of the good things to come but not the reality itself, and is therefore completely unable, by the same sacrifices offered continually, year after year, to perfect those who come to worship. ²¹ 

Hebrews 1:8

1:8 but of ²²  the Son he says, ²³ 

“Your throne, O God, is forever and ever, ²⁴ 

and a righteous scepter ²⁵  is the scepter of your kingdom.

Revelation 5:9

5:9 They were singing a new song: ²⁶ 

“You are worthy to take the scroll

and to open its seals

because you were killed, ²⁷ 

and at the cost of your own blood ²⁸  you have purchased ²⁹  for God

persons ³⁰  from every tribe, language, ³¹  people, and nation.

[32:6]  ¹ tn Or “treat” (TEV).

[20:28]  ² tn Or “Be on your guard for” (cf. v. 29). Paul completed his responsibility to the Ephesians with this warning.

[20:28]  ³ tn Grk “in which.”

[20:28]  ⁴ tn Or “guardians.” BDAG 379-80 s.v. ἐπίσκοπος 2 states, “The term was taken over in Christian communities in ref. to one who served as overseer or supervisor, with special interest in guarding the apostolic tradition…Ac 20:28.” This functional term describes the role of the elders (see v. 17). They were to guard and shepherd the congregation.

[20:28]  ⁵ tc The reading “of God” (τοῦ θεοῦ, tou qeou) is found in א B 614 1175 1505 al vg sy; other witnesses have “of the Lord” (τοῦ κυρίου, tou kuriou) here (so Ì⁷⁴ A C* D E Ψ 33 1739 al co), while the majority of the later minuscule mss conflate these two into “of the Lord and God” (τοῦ κυρίου καὶ [τοῦ] θεοῦ, tou kuriou kai [tou] qeou). Although the evidence is evenly balanced between the first two readings, τοῦ θεοῦ is decidedly superior on internal grounds. The final prepositional phrase of this verse, διὰ τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ ἰδίου (dia tou {aimato" tou idiou), could be rendered “through his own blood” or “through the blood of his own.” In the latter translation, the object that “own” modifies must be supplied (see tn below for discussion). But this would not be entirely clear to scribes; those who supposed that ἰδίου modified αἵματος would be prone to alter “God” to “Lord” to avoid the inference that God had blood. In a similar way, later scribes would be prone to conflate the two titles, thereby affirming the deity (with the construction τοῦ κυρίου καὶ θεοῦ following the Granville Sharp rule and referring to a single person [see ExSyn 272, 276-77, 290]) and substitutionary atonement of Christ. For these reasons, τοῦ θεοῦ best explains the rise of the other readings and should be considered authentic.

[20:28]  ⁶ tn Or “acquired.”

[20:28]  ⁷ tn Or “with his own blood”; Grk “with the blood of his own.” The genitive construction could be taken in two ways: (1) as an attributive genitive (second attributive position) meaning “his own blood”; or (2) as a possessive genitive, “with the blood of his own.” In this case the referent is the Son, and the referent has been specified in the translation for clarity. See further C. F. DeVine, “The Blood of God,” CBQ 9 (1947): 381-408.

[20:1]  ⁸ tn Or “exhorting.”

[20:1]  ⁹ tn Or “and taking leave of them.”

[20:1]  ¹⁰ sn Macedonia was the Roman province of Macedonia in Greece.

[1:20]  ¹¹ tc The presence or absence of the second occurrence of the phrase δι᾿ αὐτοῦ (di’ autou, “through him”) is a difficult textual problem to solve. External evidence is fairly evenly divided. Many ancient and excellent witnesses lack the phrase (B D* F G I 0278 81 1175 1739 1881 2464 al latt sa), but equally important witnesses have it (Ì⁴⁶ א A C D¹ Ψ 048^vid 33 Ï). Both readings have strong Alexandrian support, which makes the problem difficult to decide on external evidence alone. Internal evidence points to the inclusion of the phrase as original. The word immediately preceding the phrase is the masculine pronoun αὐτοῦ (autou); thus the possibility of omission through homoioteleuton in various witnesses is likely. Scribes might have deleted the phrase because of perceived redundancy or awkwardness in the sense: The shorter reading is smoother and more elegant, so scribes would be prone to correct the text in that direction. As far as style is concerned, repetition of key words and phrases for emphasis is not foreign to the corpus Paulinum (see, e.g., Rom 8:23, Eph 1:13, 2 Cor 12:7). In short, it is easier to account for the shorter reading arising from the longer reading than vice versa, so the longer reading is more likely original.

[1:23]  ¹² tn BDAG 276 s.v. ἑδραῖος suggests “firm, steadfast.”

[1:23]  ¹³ tn BDAG 639 s.v. μετακινέω suggests “without shifting from the hope” here.

[3:13]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “having become”; the participle γενόμενος (genomenos) has been taken instrumentally.

[3:13]  ¹⁵ sn A quotation from Deut 21:23. By figurative extension the Greek word translated tree (ζύλον, zulon) can also be used to refer to a cross (L&N 6.28), the Roman instrument of execution.

[1:7]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “in whom” (the relative clause of v. 7 is subordinate to v. 6). The “him” refers to Christ.

[1:7]  ¹⁷ sn In this context his blood, the blood of Jesus Christ, refers to the price paid for believers’ redemption, which is the sacrificial death of Christ on the cross.

[10:29]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “tramples under foot.”

[10:29]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “regarded as common.”

[10:29]  ²⁰ tn Grk “by which he was made holy.”

[10:1]  ²¹ tn Grk “those who approach.”

[1:8]  ²² tn Or “to.”

[1:8]  ²³ tn The verb “he says” (λέγει, legei) is implied from the λέγει of v. 7.

[1:8]  ²⁴ tn Or possibly, “Your throne is God forever and ever.” This translation is quite doubtful, however, since (1) in the context the Son is being contrasted to the angels and is presented as far better than they. The imagery of God being the Son’s throne would seem to be of God being his authority. If so, in what sense could this not be said of the angels? In what sense is the Son thus contrasted with the angels? (2) The μέν…δέ (men…de) construction that connects v. 7 with v. 8 clearly lays out this contrast: “On the one hand, he says of the angels…on the other hand, he says of the Son.” Thus, although it is grammatically possible that θεός (qeos) in v. 8 should be taken as a predicate nominative, the context and the correlative conjunctions are decidedly against it. Hebrews 1:8 is thus a strong affirmation of the deity of Christ.

[1:8]  ²⁵ tn Grk “the righteous scepter,” but used generically.

[5:9]  ²⁶ tn The redundant participle λέγοντες (legontes) has not been translated here.

[5:9]  ²⁷ tn Or “slaughtered”; traditionally, “slain.”

[5:9]  ²⁸ tn The preposition ἐν (en) is taken to indicate price here, like the Hebrew preposition ב (bet) does at times. BDAG 329 s.v. ἐν 5.b states, “The ἐν which takes the place of the gen. of price is also instrumental ἠγόρασας ἐν τῷ αἵματί σου Rv 5:9 (cp. 1 Ch 21:24 ἀγοράζω ἐν ἀργυρίῳ).”

[5:9]  ²⁹ tc The Greek text as it stands above (i.e., the reading τῷ θεῷ [tw qew] alone) is found in codex A. א 2050 2344 Ï sy add the term “us” (ἡμᾶς, Jhmas), either before or after τῷ θεῷ, as an attempt to clarify the object of “purchased” (ἠγόρασας, hgorasa"). A few mss (1 vg^ms) delete the reference to God altogether and simply replace it with “us” (ἡμᾶς). This too is an attempt to remove ambiguity in the phrase and provide an object for “purchased.” The shorter reading, supported by the best witness for Revelation, best accounts for the other readings.

[5:9]  ³⁰ tn The word “persons” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context.

[5:9]  ³¹ tn Grk “and language,” but καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.